What is MST? Military Sexual Trauma

This article delves into various aspects of military sexual trauma (MST), its effects on survivors, available support and resources, and how DAV advocates for MST survivors.

What is military sexual trauma?

Military sexual trauma (MST) refers to any sexual harassment or sexual assault experienced by military service members. It encompasses behaviors such as unwanted sexual advances, threats, coercion and other forms of sexual misconduct. MST affects both men and women.

Types of military sexual trauma can include rape, nonconsensual sexual acts, unwanted sexual touching, sexual harassment, and inappropriate sexual or lewd remarks. These traumatic experiences can have long-lasting effects on survivors, leading to physical, emotional and psychological distress.

How common is military sexual trauma?

Understanding the prevalence and statistics of military sexual trauma is crucial in addressing this issue effectively. However, reporting rates for MST are often low due to fear of retaliation, stigma and lack of trust in the military justice system. Despite this, studies show that a significant number of military service members have experienced MST during their careers.

An estimated 1 in 3 female veterans and 1 in 50 male veterans in the Department of Veterans Affairs health care system report experiencing sexual assault or harassment in the military. It’s important to note that, by percentage, women are at greater risk, but nearly 40% of veterans who disclose MST to the VA are men.

Effects of military sexual trauma

Military sexual trauma can have profound physical and emotional effects on survivors, leading to a range of symptoms, reactions and long-term consequences.

One significant effect of MST is the toll it takes on the survivor’s physical and emotional well-being. Survivors may experience physical injuries, such as bruises, cuts or broken bones, which can cause pain, discomfort and difficulty in daily activities. Sexually transmitted diseases like human papillomavirus (HPV) can have long-term health effects such as cervical, mouth and throat cancers.

Emotionally, MST can lead to feelings of fear, anxiety, depression and shame. Survivors may struggle with trust issues, difficulty forming and maintaining relationships, and a sense of isolation.

MST and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are closely associated. Sexual assault survivors in both the military and civilian populations show a higher lifetime rate of PTSD for both men and women. VA medical record data indicates that, in addition to PTSD, the diagnoses most frequently associated with MST among users of VA health care are depression, other mood disorders, and substance use disorders.

Common symptoms of MST include nightmares, flashbacks and intrusive thoughts about the traumatic event. Survivors may also experience difficulties with sleep, concentration and memory. Additionally, they may engage in self-destructive behaviors, such as substance abuse or self-harm, to cope with overwhelming emotions.

The long-term consequences of MST can affect various aspects of a survivor’s life. Many face challenges in their professional lives, such as difficulties in maintaining employment or advancing in their careers. They may also experience problems in their personal lives, including difficulties with intimate relationships and parenting.

Getting help for military sexual trauma

It’s important for MST survivors to know there are resources to help them take control of their symptoms. By acknowledging the effects of MST and seeking help, survivors can begin the healing process and work toward reclaiming their lives.

Survivors of military sexual trauma may experience a range of physical, emotional and psychological challenges. It’s important to know that you’re not alone and that support services are available to help you navigate through this difficult time.

One of the first steps toward healing is reaching out for support. Various organizations and support groups specialize in helping MST survivors. These services provide a safe space to share experiences, connect with others who have gone through similar situations and access resources that can aid in recovery.

The VA offers a comprehensive range of services for veterans who’ve experienced MST. These services include medical and mental health care, counseling, and treatment options specifically tailored to address the unique needs of survivors. By accessing VA services, you can receive the specialized care and support necessary for your healing journey.

Every VA facility has a designated MST coordinator who serves as a contact person for MST-related issues. This person is your advocate and can help you find and access VA services and programs, state and federal benefits, and community resources.

Survivors can also access counseling through VA Vet Centers. Local community-based Vet Centers help veterans transitioning to civilian life after a traumatic event experienced in the military, including MST.

Veterans can find the nearest Vet Center through the online locator or by calling the 24-hour confidential call center at 877-927-8387. Vet Centers maintain nontraditional operating hours to best serve the schedules and needs of veterans and their families.

In times of crisis, it’s crucial to have immediate access to help. Any veteran in distress may call the Veterans Crisis Line to access free, confidential support 24/7. The resource connects veterans and their families and friends with qualified VA responders. Access this resource by:

• Dialing 988,then press 1
• Texting 838255
• Using the online chat

Veterans Crisis Line staff members can connect veterans with VA services and make necessary referrals to local suicide prevention coordinators and VA providers specializing in PTSD, traumatic brain injury, MST and other issues.

The Veterans Crisis Line website also features a resource locator, which can direct veterans to local VA suicide prevention coordinators, crisis centers, VA medical centers and outpatient clinics, Vet Centers and Veterans Benefits Administration offices.

Learn more on the VA Mental Health site about resources for MST survivors. Remember, help is available, and you deserve support on your journey toward healing and recovery.

VA benefits for survivors of military sexual trauma

MST survivors may be eligible for various benefits through the VA. These benefits aim to provide support and assistance to those who have experienced such traumatic events during their military service. Understanding the available benefits and the process of applying for them is crucial for survivors seeking the help they deserve.

One of the main benefits for MST survivors is disability compensation. This compensation provides financial assistance to individuals who have experienced physical or mental health conditions as a result of MST. The VA considers the severity of the trauma and its impact on the survivor’s daily life when determining the compensation amount.

In addition to disability compensation, MST survivors may be eligible for other benefits, such as health care services, mental health counseling and vocational rehabilitation. These benefits aim to address the physical, emotional and psychological needs of survivors, helping them recover and rebuild their lives.

How DAV supports survivors of military sexual trauma

If you’re an MST survivor and wish to apply for VA benefits, a DAV professional benefits advocate can help, at no cost. DAV developed and implemented a gender-neutral MST module for training benefits advocates tasked with advocating for earned veterans benefits. Visit benefitsquestions.org for more information and to find the DAV office nearest you.

DAV is also a fierce advocate for survivors of MST and mental wellness for all veterans. In 2024, DAV released the special report Women Veterans: The Journey to Mental Wellness, which included a close look at existing resources for MST survivors and identified gaps in care within the VA health care system. The report made over 50 policy and legislative recommendations, including several that would help better serve MST survivors.

It is important to note that, unfortunately, 1 in 4 women veterans report having experienced some form of sexual harassment within the VA—a troubling problem that requires the full commitment of department leaders to solve. The VA has broadened its End Harassment campaign into Stand Up to Stop Harassment Now! and introduced a virtual bystander intervention training tool in all its facilities to teach staff and providers how to intervene when witnessing inappropriate behaviors. The VA also launched its White Ribbon VA campaign in 2019, designed to eliminate sexual assault and harassment within VA health care settings.

DAV delivered this information to our members and audiences through video messages, DAV Magazine and the DAV Podcast, doing our part to educate all VA health care users about the importance of treating each other with respect and dignity.

Recovery and coping strategies

MST survivors may experience a range of physical, emotional and psychological challenges. Seeking appropriate treatment options is crucial for their healing and recovery process. Here are some treatment options available for MST survivors:

• Therapy: Therapeutic interventions, such as individual counseling, group therapy or cognitive-behavioral therapy, provide a safe space for survivors to process their experiences and develop coping mechanisms.
• Medication: In some cases, medication may be prescribed to manage symptoms of depression, anxiety or PTSD arising from MST.

While professional treatment is essential, survivors can also engage in self-care techniques to support their healing journey.

• Practicing self-compassion: Survivors should prioritize self-care and be gentle with themselves. Engaging in activities you enjoy, practicing mindfulness and setting boundaries can contribute to overall well-being.
• Seeking support: Building a network of support is crucial for survivors. Connecting with other survivors, joining support groups or reaching out to organizations like ours can provide validation, empathy and understanding.

Building resilience is another vital aspect of recovery for MST survivors.

• Developing coping skills: Learning effective coping strategies, such as deep breathing exercises, journaling or engaging in creative outlets, helps survivors manage stress and triggers.
• Finding purpose: Rediscovering personal strengths and finding a sense of purpose can empower survivors and contribute to their resilience.

At DAV, we understand the unique challenges faced by MST survivors and are committed to providing resources and support. Our programs and services aim to empower survivors on their journey toward healing and recovery.

More resources for military sexual trauma

Quick Facts About VA’s Health Care Services for Military Sexual Trauma (MST)

VA: Military Sexual Trauma

Make the Connection: Effects of Military Sexual Trauma

VA Women Veterans Health Care: Military Sexual Trauma

Beyond MST: A free, secure and private self-help mobile app

800-827-1000, the VA’s general benefit information hotline.